前体边条控制技术对航向静稳定性的影响

当飞机航向失稳时,垂尾所在的机身后体处于低能的翼身涡尾流中,效率降低,而机身前体则位于尚未干扰的气流中,在机身头部加前体边条,可以起到增加航向静稳定性作用。通过对一系列前体边条的试验研究,发现长度为机身总长3%的前体边条,可将全机航向失稳迎角提高约8°左右,且侧滑角越小,航向失稳迎角提高越多。通过测压和PIV试验数据可以发现,前体边条提高航向静稳定性,主要是由于前体边条产生边条涡,该涡主要影响机身前体,使得前体背风侧负压力值减小,从而导致前体截面不稳定偏航力矩减小,增加了全机的航向静稳定性。      

基于卫星自旋的纯引力轨道万有引力干扰抑制

一个称为“内卫星”的验证质量块位于外卫星的内部空腔中,不与外卫星接触而自由飞行,由于外卫星的屏蔽,其不受大气阻力、太阳光压等干扰作用,沿着纯引力轨道飞行。外卫星会对内卫星产生万有引力作用,是内卫星纯引力轨道的主要残余干扰。根据卫星相对运动动力学方程,建立了万有引力干扰对内卫星纯引力轨道影响的分析模型;基于将外卫星绕轨道面法向旋转以调制万有引力的策略,建立了外卫星自旋对万有引力干扰影响的抑制模型。以内编队纯引力飞行系统为例,对比计算了外卫星有无自旋时万有引力干扰对内卫星纯引力轨道的影响。基于模型的分析表明,外卫星自旋能够显著抑制万有引力干扰对内卫星纯引力轨道的长期影响;实例计算表明,万有引力干扰的天长期影响能够降低5~7个数量级。     

High-precision single-input control of relative motion in spacecraft formation

A Newton-type method is proposed to improve the accuracy of control for relative motion of two satellites in close formation. We assume that the deputy satellite is equipped with a passive attitude control system that provides one-axis stabilization, and one or two orbit control thrusters are installed along the stabilized axis. Previous studies show that it is possible to construct periodic relative trajectories both in case of passive magnetic and spin stabilization. However, the accuracy of the numerically obtained control is quite low due to modeling errors caused by linearization of the equations of relative motion. Therefore, a correction procedure is required to compensate for nonlinear effects. To this end we suggest a recently developed algorithm based on the Newton method for solving nonlinear systems with geometric constraints. Being implemented, this algorithm allows decreasing the modeling error by up to ten times. The previously found control and trajectory of the linearized system are used as initial approximations.     

Optimal H∞ robust output feedback control for satellite formation in arbitrary elliptical reference orbits

A two degree-of-freedom signal-based optimal H_∞ robust output feedback controller is designed for satellite formation in an arbitrary elliptical reference orbit. Based on high-fidelity linearized dynamics of relative motion, uncertainties introduced by non-zero eccentricity and gravitational J2 perturbation are separated to construct a robust control model. Furthermore, a distributed robust control model is derived by modifying the perturbed robust control model of each satellite with the eigenvalues of the Laplacian matrix of the communication graph, which represent uncertainty in the communication topology. A signal-based optimal H_∞ robust controller is then designed primarily. Considering that the uncertainties involved in the distributed robust control model have a completely diagonal structure, the corresponding analyses are made through structured singular value theory to reduce the conservativeness. Based on simulation results, further designs including increasing the degrees of freedom of the controller, modifying the performance and control weighted functions, adding a post high-pass filter according to the dynamic characteristics, and reducing the control model are made to improve the control performance. Nonlinear simulations demonstrate that the resultant optimal H_∞ robust output feedback controller satisfies the robust performance requirements under uncertainties caused by non-zero eccentricity, J2 perturbation, and varying communication topology, and that 5 m accuracy in terms of stable desired formation configuration can be achieved by the presented optimal H_∞ robust controller. In addition to considering the widely discussed uncertainties caused by the orbit of each satellite in a formation, the optimal H_∞ robust output feedback control model presented in the current work considers the uncertainties caused by varying communication topology in the satellite formation that works in a cooperative way. Other new improvements include adopting a new method to more accurately describe and analyze the effects of the higher-order J2 perturbation, combining all the uncertainties into a diagonal structure, and utilizing a structured singular value to synthesize and analyze the controller.     

基于自适应滤波的编队卫星实时相对定轨

提出基于自适应滤波的编队卫星实时相对定轨算法,利用2005-12-09—10两颗GRACE（Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment）卫星的GPS（Global Positioning System）实测数据进行实时相对定轨试验计算,采用JPL（Jet Propulsion Laboratory）轨道对试验结果外部检核,结果表明:①自适应滤波相对定轨通过自适应因子,可以较好地平衡编队卫星的观测信息和相对动力学信息,其相对定轨结果精度优于Kalman滤波相对定轨结果;②自适应滤波相对定轨结果随着星间基线缩短而精度提高;③两颗GRACE卫星采用单频伪距和广播星历进行自适应滤波相对定轨,可以得到精度优于6cm的星间基线。     

平均相对运动方程及其在卫星编队构型维持中的应用

针对近地轨道卫星相对运动过程中的周期变化特性,利用轨道周期平均方法给出了平均相对运动方程,并在此基础上设计了两种编队构型维持策略.首先,推导出以轨道根数差分表示的平均相对运动方程,该方程能有效消除相对运动的周期性变化.其次,针对大气阻力摄动和J2项摄动,利用轨道平均根数的线性化递推公式,给出了平均相对运动轨迹的预报方程,通过事先预报编队飞行的平均轨迹,为编队构型设计和保持控制提供参考依据.最后通过数学仿真对两种编队构型维持策略进行了验证.     

一种圆翼飞行器风洞实验与随动机制

阐述了圆翼随动机制的基本原理,研制了无人验证机,并进行了风洞实验研究。结果表明：可以绕 其圆心自由转动的圆形机翼（简称“圆翼”）能随其两侧气动阻力的不平衡而转动,从而消除翼 面上的侧滑效应。采用这种气动结构的飞机具有绕其立轴转动,在转弯时可实现机翼无倾斜 的航向机动能力。圆翼相对其任一轴线都是对称的。当机头偏离航向线而发生侧滑时,与机 身同轴的圆翼在气动阻力的作用下,向反方向转动,以新的纵轴对正航向,继续保持机 翼的气动平衡。     

A study of morphing aircraft on morphing rules along trajectory

Morphing aircraft can meet requirements of multi-mission during the whole flight due to changing the aerodynamic shape, so it is necessary to study its morphing rules along the trajectory. However, trajectory planning considering morphing variables requires a huge number of expensive CFD computations due to the morphing in view of aerodynamic performance. Under the given missions and trajectory, to alleviate computational cost and improve trajectory-planning efficiency for morphing aircraft, an offline optimization method is proposed based on Multi-Fidelity Kriging (MFK) modeling. The angle of attack, Mach number, sweep angle and axial position of the morphing wing are defined as variables for generating training data for building the MFK models, in which many inviscid aerodynamic solutions are used as low-fidelity data, while the less high-fidelity data are obtained by solving viscous flow. Then the built MFK models of the lift, drag and pressure centre at the different angles of attack and Mach numbers are used to predict the aerodynamic performance of the morphing aircraft, which keeps the optimal sweep angle and axial position of the wing during trajectory planning. Hence, the morphing rules can be correspondingly acquired along the trajectory, as well as keep the aircraft with the best aerodynamic performance during the whole task. The trajectory planning of a morphing aircraft was performed with the optimal aerodynamic performance based on the MFK models, built by only using 240 low-fidelity data and 110 high-fidelity data. The results indicate that a complex trajectory can take advantage of morphing rules in keeping good aerodynamic performance, and the proposed method is more efficient than trajectory optimization by reducing 86% of the computing time.     

双三角翼及其翼身组合的滚转运动特性比较研究

采用Navier-Stokes方程与滚转运动方程耦合计算方法,比较研究了不同后掠角的双三角翼和翼身组合体的滚转运动特性,分析了机翼前缘后掠角及细长机身对非定常滚转力矩时滞环、动态流场结构和物面瞬时压力分布的影响。研究结果表明：主翼迎风面上的融合涡能量在80°/60°双三角翼上耗散较小,而在76°/40°双三角翼上耗散严重,这是造成两模型滚转力矩稳定性与时滞特性差异的主要因素;机身对气流的扰动作用,大幅增强了滚转力矩的线性分量;机身对气流的上洗作用,增强了边条涡与融合涡吸力及其时滞性,同时加剧了主翼背风面的两涡干扰;大滚转角时机身对横流流动的干扰,使得主翼背风面压力分布的时滞差异显著增加。该研究结果有助于认识后掠角与细长机身影响双三角翼滚转运动特性的物理机理。     

飞翼布局隐身翼型优化设计

针对飞翼布局设计中气动与隐身设计矛盾更为突出的问题,采用高精度气动和隐身计算方法,建立了基于Parsec参数化方法、径向基函数（RBF）神经网络、Pareto遗传算法和松散式代理模型管理方法的翼型多目标优化设计平台。根据飞翼布局内外翼不同功能和特点,确定了内外翼翼型不同的优化设计目标和约束条件,开展了兼顾气动与隐身性能要求的翼型综合优化设计研究。结果表明：对兼顾气动与隐身性能要求的飞翼布局,内翼段翼型主要通过弯度、前缘半径、尾缘角及厚度等设计,减小低头力矩和重点方位角的雷达散射截面（RCS）均值。外翼段翼型上表面的几何形状对跨声速气动效率的影响很大,应通过上表面设计提高跨声速气动效率,重点方位角RCS均值的减小则通过下表面设计实现。某些翼型参数对气动和隐身性能均有较大影响,但作用相反,应作为综合优化设计的主要设计参数,并采用不同的优化设计策略。Pareto方法给出的前沿阵面可为飞翼布局的三维设计提供更丰富的信息。